Net Oil Exports - December Update. Top 16 Exporters (90% of total exports) in blue, Top 20 Exporters (93%) in Pink.
This is a graph of the current Top 16 Exporters versus the original data I came up with for each month. These are not revisions from last month - in other words, if I do this in December 2008 I will be measuring the difference between those figures and the first data presented for November 2007 (here).
Oil-Rich Nations Use More Energy, Cutting Exports
By CLIFFORD KRAUSS
New York Times
December 9, 2007
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/business/worldbusiness/09oil.html?_r=1&hp&oref=slogin
The economies of many big oil-exporting countries are growing so fast that their need for energy within their borders is crimping how much they can sell abroad, adding new strains to the global oil market.
Experts say the sharp growth, if it continues, means several of the world’s most important suppliers may need to start importing oil within a decade to power all the new cars, houses and businesses they are buying and creating with their oil wealth.
Indonesia has already made this flip. By some projections, the same thing could happen within five years to Mexico, the No. 2 source of foreign oil for the United States, and soon after that to Iran, the world’s fourth-largest exporter. In some cases, the governments of these countries subsidize gasoline heavily for their citizens, selling it for as little as 7 cents a gallon, a practice that industry experts say fosters wasteful habits.
“It is a very serious threat that a lot of major exporters that we count on today for international oil supply are no longer going to be net exporters any more in 5 to 10 years,” said Amy Myers Jaffe, an oil analyst at Rice University.
Rising internal demand may offset 40 percent of the increase in Saudi oil production between now and 2010, while more than half the projected decline in Iranian exports will be caused by internal consumption, said a recent report by CIBC World Markets.
The report said “soaring internal rates of oil consumption” in Russia, in Mexico and in member states of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries would reduce crude exports as much as 2.5 million barrels a day by the end of the decade.
That is about 3 percent of global oil demand. It may not sound high, but experts say demand for oil is so inflexible, and the world has so little spare production capacity, that even small shortfalls can raise prices. In 2002, when a labor strike in Venezuela took 3 percent of global production off line, oil prices spiked 26 percent within weeks.
The trend, though increasingly important, does not necessarily mean there will be oil shortages. More likely, experts say, it will mean big market shifts, with the number of exporting countries shrinking and unconventional sources like Canadian tar sands becoming more important, especially for the United States. And there is likely to be more pressure to open areas now closed to oil production.
Greater political stability and increased drilling in some important oil states, notably Iraq, Iran and Venezuela, could help offset the rising demand from other oil exporters.
“Ten years from now, world capacity to produce oil could be 20 percent higher than today,” said Daniel Yergin, chairman of Cambridge Energy Research Associates. “But a lot will depend on how the geopolitics work out.”
Growth in demand among oil exporters is one aspect of a larger issue, breakneck economic growth in parts of the developing world. China and India are expected to account for much of the increase in global oil demand in the next 20 years. But Fatih Birol, chief economist at the International Energy Agency in Paris, rated consumption growth among oil exporters as the second-biggest threat to meeting the world’s oil needs.
“It’s a big problem, and growing all the time,” Mr. Birol said.
Internal oil consumption by the five biggest oil exporters — Saudi Arabia, Russia, Norway, Iran and the United Arab Emirates — grew 5.9 percent in 2006 over 2005, according to government data. Exports declined more than 3 percent. By contrast, oil demand is essentially flat in the United States.
CIBC’s demand projections suggest that for many oil countries, including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Libya, internal oil demand will double in a decade.
Factors contributing to the trend include increased industrialization, higher government spending and increasing personal consumption. According to a World Bank report, economic growth in the Middle East and North Africa has doubled since the 1990s, and Russia has done even better.
Oil money is giving many countries the means to invest in their own economic development, and robust global growth is creating markets for their goods — including plastics, chemicals and fuels refined from oil.
To be sure, many oil-exporting states have a long way to go before they achieve Western living standards. The global oil market is still dominated by traditional consumers, particularly the United States, which uses nearly a quarter of the world’s oil.
Perhaps surprisingly, though, some producing countries have surpassed the United States in oil consumption per person. They include Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates.
Particularly in oil-producing countries with large populations, like Indonesia, Russia and Mexico, a rapid rise in car ownership is a big factor driving consumption increases. Russian farmers are replacing horses and carts with gas-guzzling four-wheel-drive vehicles, while urban consumers are snapping up BMWs even before they learn to drive.
“Most of the producing countries have young populations entering the driving age and can more readily afford to buy cars because the price of fuel is low,” said Charles McPherson, an oil expert at the International Monetary Fund. “It’s certainly pulling product off the international markets.”
Some oil-exporting countries use price controls and subsidies to ensure cheap fuel for their people. These programs are politically popular, even though experts say they contribute to wasteful energy use.
Kuwaitis, for instance, often leave their air conditioning — powered by electricity generated from natural gas or oil-derived fuels — running for weeks while on vacation, said an official at the World Bank. Sportsmen of the United Arab Emirates ski indoors on manufactured snow and play golf on lush courses that require desalinated water produced with fuels refined from oil.
Saudis, Iranians and Iraqis pay 30 to 50 cents a gallon for gasoline. Venezuelans pay 7 cents, and demand is projected to rise as much as 10 percent this year. Auto sales have tripled in four years. “Where cheap oil is viewed as a national human right, you’ve virtually got runaway demand,” said Chris B. Newton, an executive of the Indonesian Petroleum Association in Jakarta.
Indonesia flipped from exporting oil to importing it three years ago because of sagging production in depleted fields and rising demand. Iran, Algeria and Malaysia are vulnerable in the next decade. Most oil experts view Mexico as the next country likely to flip, in as little as five years.
Rapidly falling production in Mexico’s aging Cantarell oil field is part of the problem. Also significant, though, is the rising number of cars on Mexican roads. They have nearly doubled, to almost 16 million, in the last decade, and gasoline consumption is growing 5 percent a year.
In Mexico City the other day, a bricklayer named Jaime Guerrero arrived at a local Chevrolet dealership. His extended family cried “bravo!” as he signed the papers for his first car.
“To have a new car in my name is a dream transformed into reality,” said Mr. Guerrero, 26. He and his family piled in and weaved through the chaotic traffic of the capital, hunting for a priest to douse the car with holy water.
“I don’t worry about the climate or shortages of oil in the world,” Mr. Guerrero said. “I just worry if gasoline prices go up.”
Found it. I'll update it soon. $80 a barrel? Wow! Remember those days! Jesus. Oh wait... this is from last month.
Net Oil Exports and WTI / Nymex Price
I have arbitrarily increased Venezuela's domestic consumption for 2007 from about 580,000 bpd to 650,000 bpd based on two articles I read recently.
Oil is now used to create electricity. Some of Venezuela’s electric plants used to burn natural gas, but gas production has dropped, creating shortages that oil is filling. Domestic consumption of oil has reached at least 650,000 barrels a day, according to Venezuelan economists. Venezuela is importing oil products and may soon have to import gasoline. There is also the problem of contraband: subsidized gasoline smuggled out and sold at world-market prices in Colombia and the Caribbean. Between its domestic consumption and its use of oil to make friends overseas, Venezuela gives away or subsidizes a third of its production. Most of the rest is sold in the United States.
The Perils of Petrocracy, NYT Magazine , Nov. 4th, 2007
Former Soviet Union (FSU)
Russia – July actual, August provisional: Russian projections are also held steady, with total oil production in 2007 of 9.92 mb/d and 10.10 mb/d in 2008 representing growth of 2.5% and 1.8% respectively. Growth this year has slowed from 1Q levels near 400 kb/d, although inflated early-2007 growth levels need to be seen in the context of weak 1Q06 production due to weather. That said, August growth stood at a more modest 125 kb/d year-on-year. Recent months have seen production drift lower from Lukoil, Gazpromneft (formerly Sibneft), TNK-BP and Gazprom, partly offset by Rosneft increases.
Yearly growth by Rosneft currently stands close to 600 kb/d, with total production of 2.2 mb/d representing a five-fold increase on 2004 levels. Some commentators have suggested that organic production growth has been sacrificed to a programme of acquisitions that has reportedly pushed Rosneft debt to around $30 billion. This is seen as potentially undermining Rosneft’s ability to finance future development at fields such as Vankor, Sakhalin and Verknechonskoye, which helped underpin MTOMR projections for Russian output reaching 10.6 mb/d by end-decade. A further twist in the tale emerged from press reports in August suggesting that the government is planning to establish a new state producer incorporating the oil assets of Rosneft, Gazprom and Surgutneftegaz. Surgutneftegaz’s inclusion may in part reflect its cash-rich status, which in turn might help alleviate Rosneft debts.
Azerbaijan – July actual: Azeri oil production remains on track for growth of around 200 kb/d both this year and next. Prevailing output of some 950 kb/d could dip to 650 kb/d in September owing to construction work on the Central Azeri platform, part of the 700 kb/d offshore ACG complex. Work should largely be completed by October however, based on higher expected shipments via the Baku- Tbilisi- Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline. Total Azerbaijan production attains 1.1 mb/d in the second half of 2008, with increased contributions from the Azeri field and from start-up at the deep Guneshli complex. Growth will be dependent however, on maintaining the integrity of the BTC pipeline, after a Kurdish rebel group said BTC would be attacked unless Turkey desists from attacks on Kurdish rebel forces.
According to preliminary data, FSU net oil exports totalled 8.89 mb/d in July, up 70 kb/d from June and 520 kb/d higher than July 2006. A 150 kb/d month-on-month increase in seaborne crude exports, including an extra 90 kb/d leaving Baltic ports, was tempered by another drop in Druzhba transits, this time by 50 kb/d (see Refining section, page 44). There are reports of Lukoil having curbed June-July deliveries to German refineries, in part due to pricing issues. However, latest information suggests reinstatedvolumes for September. Average monthly FSU product exports fell by 20 kb/d in July.
August loading schedules suggest that exports via Transneft may have been 100 kb/d below July volumes, coinciding with an increase in Russian export duties from 1 August. However, higher BTC flows may have restricted any drop in aggregate FSU supplies to around 50 kb/d. Further declines in FSU exports are anticipated later this year. The threat from late-August of a strike by Turkish ship pilots, if realised, may hinder traffic through the Turkish straits which could restrict trade flows from FSU ports in the Black Sea. Maintenance is due to reduce Caspian output by up to 300 kb/d in September, which should overshadow extra Russian barrels exported before the next rise in crude and product export duties, effective 1 October.
FSU Exports July (September IEA report)
Azerbaijan, crude oil, crude oil exports, FSU, Kazakhstan, net oil exports, net petroleum exports, oil, oil exports, Russia
Cantarell Monthly Oil Production 2002-2007
Data from Pemex 2007 Statistical Yearbook covering through December 2006, page 18.
Monthly data from 2004-2007 derived from yearly data, monthly Pemex hydrocarbon spreadsheets, and periodic news reports.
[add yearly chart 1 - Cantarell]
[add yearly chart 2 - Mexico and Cantarell]
[add monthly chart with Mexico and Cantarell separated]
[add Pemex monthly with exports]
[add monthly exports vs. Cantarell]
[add table with yearly Cantarell and projected decline losses]
[discuss worst case scenario projections and production vs. reserve estimates]
Norway's Oil Output Fell 7.3% in August From a Month Earlier
By Bunny Nooryani
Sept. 14 (Bloomberg)
Norway, the world's fifth-largest oil exporter, said crude production in August decreased 7.3 percent from a month earlier.
Output averaged 2.111 million barrels a day, compared with 2.277 million barrels a day in July, according to a statement posted today on the Web site of the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, which oversees the nation's oil industry. The figures for August are preliminary.
Norway pumped about 319,000 barrels a day of condensate and natural-gas liquids in August, the directorate estimated. That compares with 329,000 barrels a day the month before.
Pemex Expects Peak Chicontepec Output of 470,000 bpd
BNamericas 8/22/2007
URL: http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=49291
Mexican state oil company Pemex expects its Chicontepec oilfield in Veracruz and Puebla states to reach peak production of 470,000 bpd in 2014, newspaper El Norte reported, citing Pemex sources.
The field produced 23,000 bpd in the first six months of 2007, but Pemex is hoping the field will ultimately help offset the natural decline of the Cantarell field, which produces roughly half Pemex's crude output.
With this goal in mind, Pemex aims to invest 164bn pesos (US$14.7bn) in Chicontepec in 2008-17, with annual investment hitting a peak of 26.2bn pesos in 2011.
The first five years of investment are expected to total 114bn pesos, with the second five years reaching 48.8bn pesos.
A consortium led by US oilfield services company Schlumberger (NYSE: SLB) won the first Chicontepec service contract in 2003, which initially featured a 200-well drilling program. Schlumberger recently signed a US$1.4bn contract for the drilling of 500 wells on the field.
Pemex estimates Chicontepec has probable reserves of 8.70 Bboe, the paper reported.
What I term Net Exports is as follows. Production minus domestic consumption. So I will tackle each in turn after a brief summary of both together. I’m using somewhat of a hybrid of what is considered “all liquids.”
I use “all liquids” because it is what I consider the better “consumption” data-set, which is BP’s. So to keep things as uniform as possible, I need an all-liquids production data-set. Unfortunately one does not exist that provides monthly numbers for the relevant countries. The IEA would be my choice, except that they break out straight crude for the OPEC countries and only provide a “total” other-liquids figure for each month. I decided to use the EIA’s monthly numbers for production and to construct my own all-liquids hybrid from the available data.
This is a monthly “attempt” – so I have to make do with the fact that all consumption numbers are yearly. I will describe that process specifically when I start to talk about how I got my monthly consumption numbers.
Let’s start with production. The EIA publishes its numbers usually in the first week of every month. They cover everything up to and including the month three months previous. This first attempt at a timely report uses the EIA’s t11 series Crude+Condensate numbers as well as the EIA’s STEO(Short Term Energy Outlook). Both were released on August 10th. The t11 series covers through May. The STEO covers June and July, but only for OPEC and only for OPEC straight crude(excluding lease condensate).
The categories. Total oil supply and hence what is consumed (implied demand or “product supplied”) is wrapped into the category “all-liquids.”
All-liquids consists of four categories, one of which is divided into two sub-categories. First, there are C+C(Crude and Condensate), NGLs (or NGPLs), “Other Liquids,” and Refinery Processing Gains(RPG).
“Other liquids” include mainly ethanol. RPG typically occurs in highly technology advanced countries, where the refineries are actually able to generate carbon-based liquids is such large volume from the process of refining that they can be fed back into the system as if they were fresh barrels of something or other. See book: “Oil on the Brain.”
The main category is of course what is considered straight crude oil. This is C+C(crude plus condensate). domestic consumption is measured in all-liquids, however.
There is another issue. Condensate while tracked together with crude for the EIA does not count for OPEC quotas. Both the EIA and IEA break it apart from the OPEC crude numbers. The best way to look at this specifically is in the case of Algeria. Outside of OPEC the reporting agencies don’t split condensate from crude.
Production – The Sixteen Countries
On the production side, the OPEC countries are by far the easiest to deal with. Of the twelve countries, all except Indonesia are represented here. Indonesia is not a net exporter, and is in decline. Whether this is geologic or due to above-ground “investment” factors is a subject for another day.
The individual production of the OPEC countries is given in the EIA STEO for June and July. Using previous months’ data from the t11 series and table12(excluding condensate) we can figure what is probable for the monthly condensate production(I calculate this separately from my spreadsheet). Adding this to the STEO figures I get C+C production for these 11 OPEC countries through July. These figures will of course be revised next month when revisions are made to the underlying data.
Next, I add NGL figures for certain countries. Of the 16 countries, NGL is tracked monthly for Saudi, Algeria, Mexico. Russia, Canada, and I think one other. For the others, it is too small to be relevant, with one exception. For Norway, I discovered this time around that they have about 270kbpd of NGL production each month and I will account for this next time.
I do not include RPG or “other liquids.” For the countries involved the volumes are too small to be significant and add too much complexity. This is one reason I call this an all-liquids hybrid.
Now for an explanation of the other 5, Non-OPEC countries.
Russia
Norway
Mexico
Kazakhstan
Canada
Consumption – The Sixteen Countries
Saudi Arabia
Russia
Norway
Iran
UAE
Venezuela
Kuwait
Nigeria (EIA)
Algeria
Mexico
Libya (EIA)
Iraq (EIA)
Angola (EIA)
Kazakhstan
Canada
Qatar
From June 2007 IEA Oil Market Report
